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römischer Gemeindevorsteher, Märtyrer (?)
römischer Gemeindevorsteher, Märtyrer (?)


* in Rom
geb. in Rom


† 3. Mai 115 (?) daselbst
† 3. Mai 115 (?) daselbst
Zeile 44: Zeile 44:


https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienA/Alexander_I_.htm
https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienA/Alexander_I_.htm
St. Irenaeus of Lyons, writing in the latter quarter of the second century, reckons him as the fifth pope in succession from the Apostles, though he says nothing of his martyrdom. His pontificate is variously dated by critics, e. g. 106-115 (Duchesne) or 109-116 (Lightfoot). In Christian antiquity he was credited with a pontificate of about ten years (Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. IV, i,) and there is no reason to doubt that he was on the "catalogue of bishops" drawn up at Rome by Hegesippus (Eusebius, IV, xxii, 3) before the death of Pope Eleutherius (c. 189). According to a tradition extant in the Roman Church at the end of the fifth century, and recorded in the Liber Pontificalis he suffered a martyr's death by decapitation on the Via Nomentana in Rome, 3 May. The same tradition declares him to have been a Roman by birth and to have ruled the Church in the reign of Trajan (98-117). It likewise attributes to him, but scarcely with accuracy, the insertion in the canon of the Qui Pridie, or words commemorative of the institution of the Eucharist, such being certainly primitive and original in the Mass. He is also said to have introduced the use of blessing water mixed with salt for the purification of Christian homes from evil influences (constituit aquam sparsionis cum sale benedici in habitaculis hominum). Duchesne (Lib. Pont., I, 127) calls attention to the persistence of this early Roman custom by way of a blessing in the Gelasian Sacramentary that recalls very forcibly the actual Asperges prayer at the beginning of Mass.
In 1855, a semi-subterranean cemetery of the holy martyrs Sts. Alexander, Eventulus, and Theodulus was discovered near Rome, at the spot where the above mentioned tradition declares the Pope to have been martyred. According to some archaeologists, this Alexander is identical with the Pope, and this ancient and important tomb marks the actual site of the Pope's martyrdom.
Duchesne, however (op. cit., I, xci-ii) denies the identity of the martyr and the pope, while admitting that the confusion of both personages is of ancient date, probably anterior to the beginning of the sixth century when the Liber Pontificalis was first compiled [Dufourcq, Gesta Martyrum Romains (Paris, 1900), 210-211].
The difficulties raised in recent times by Richard Lipsius (Chronologie der römischen Bischofe, Kiel, 1869) and Adolph Harnack (Die Zeit des Ignatius u. die Chronologie der antiochenischen Bischofe, 1878) concerning the earliest successors of St. Peter are ably discussed and answered by F. S. (Cardinal Francesco Segna) in his "De successione priorum Romanorum Pontificum " (Rome 1897); with moderation and learning by Bishop Lightfoot, in his "Apostolic Fathers: St. Clement" (London, 1890) I, 201-345- especially by Duchesne in the introduction to his edition of the "Liber Pontificalis" (Paris, 1886) I, i-xlviii and lxviii-lxxiii. The letters ascribed to Alexander I by PseudoIsidore may be seen in P. G., V, 1057 sq., and in Hinschius, "Decretales Pseudo-Isidorianae" (Leipzig, 1863) 94-105.
His remains are said to have been transferred to Freising in Bavaria in 834 (Dummler, Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini, Berlin, 1884, II, 120). His so-called " Acts " are not genuine, and were compiled at a much later date (Tillemont, Mem. II, 590 sqq; Dufourcq, op. cit., 210-211).
https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/CatholicEncyclopedia/Alexander_I_.html

Version vom 16. März 2017, 20:09 Uhr

Alexander I.

Gedenktag katholisch: 3. Mai

Gedenktag IV. Klasse

Auffindung der Gebeine: 27. Oktober

Übertragung der Gebeine: 5. Mai

bedacht im "Eucharistischen Hochgebet I"

Gedenktag orthodox: 16. März

Name bedeutet: der Wehrmann (griech.)

römischer Gemeindevorsteher, Märtyrer (?)

geb. in Rom

† 3. Mai 115 (?) daselbst

Alexander gilt als fünfter in der Liste der Päpste nach Petrus, demnach im Amt von 105 bis 115. Er gewann der Überlieferung nach viele Menschen, vor allem aus dem niederen Adel Roms, für das Christentum. Ihm wird die Einführung der Abendmahlsworte in der Messe und des Weihwassers zum Hausgebrauch zugeschrieben.

Ungesichert ist, ob Alexander als Märtyrer starb und tatsächlich unter Kaiser Trajan enthauptet wurde. Nach der Legende waren Alexander und der römische Präfekt Hermes, den er bekehrt und getauft hatte, in getrennten Gefängnissen untergebracht und gefesselt. Während Quirinus den Hermes bewachte, erschien, von einem Engel geführt, Alexander ohne Fesseln, um seinen Freund Hermes zu stärken; Quirinus musste feststellen, dass Alexander zu dieser Zeit sein Gefängnis nicht verlassen hatte. Quirinus bedingte sich als weiteres Zeichen die Heilung seiner Tochter Balbina aus. Diese erfolgte, als er die Ketten des Petrus fand und Alexander brachte. Alexander taufte Balbina, Quirinus und sein Haus; auch sie wurden daraufhin enthauptet.

Legenden aus dem 5. Jahrhunderts berichten vom Martyrium Alexanders, der demnach an eine Säule gebunden, dann mit gebrochenen Gliedern und von Schwerthieben zerfleischt enthauptet wurde. Die - auch im Liber Pontificalis enthaltene - Überlieferung, dass er das Martyrium zusammen mit Eventius und Theodoulos erlitt, beruht der einen Interpretation nach auf einer Verwechslung mit deren gleichnamigem Leidensgenossen. Das neue Martyrologium Romanum 2004 enthält Alexander I. überhaupt nicht mehr als Papst, sondern nur Alexander als einer der drei Märtyrer.

Alexander wurde an der Via Nomentana, 7 römische Meilen von Rom entfernt, bestattet. Seine Reliquien wurden 834 nach Freising übertragen.

Patron gegen Kropf und Skrofeln

Quellen:

  • Vera Schauber, Hanns Michael Schindler: Heilige und Patrone im Jahreslauf. Pattloch, München, 2001
  • Hiltgard L. Keller: Reclams Lexikon der Heiligen und der biblischen Gestalten. Reclam, Ditzingen 1984
  • Erhard Gorys: Lexikon der Heiligen. dtv, München, 1997
  • Otto Wimmer, Hartmann Melzer: Lexikon der Namen und Heiligen, bearb. u. erg. von Josef Gelmi. Tyrolia, Innsbruck, 1988
  • P. Ezechiel Britschgi: Name verpflichtet. Christiana, Stein am Rhein, 1985
  • http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01285c.htm
  • Adolf v. Harnack: Die Mission und Ausbreitung des Christentums. J. C. Hinrich, Leipzig, 1924
  • Karl Heussi: Kompendium der Kirchengeschichte. Tübingen, 1976
  • Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche, begr. von Michael Buchberger. Hrsg. von Walter Kasper, 3., völlig neu bearb. Aufl., Bd. 1. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1993
  • Friedrich-Wilhelm Bautz. In: Friedrich-Wilhelm Bautz (Hg.): Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon, Bd. I, Hamm 1990

https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienA/Alexander_I_.htm

St. Irenaeus of Lyons, writing in the latter quarter of the second century, reckons him as the fifth pope in succession from the Apostles, though he says nothing of his martyrdom. His pontificate is variously dated by critics, e. g. 106-115 (Duchesne) or 109-116 (Lightfoot). In Christian antiquity he was credited with a pontificate of about ten years (Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. IV, i,) and there is no reason to doubt that he was on the "catalogue of bishops" drawn up at Rome by Hegesippus (Eusebius, IV, xxii, 3) before the death of Pope Eleutherius (c. 189). According to a tradition extant in the Roman Church at the end of the fifth century, and recorded in the Liber Pontificalis he suffered a martyr's death by decapitation on the Via Nomentana in Rome, 3 May. The same tradition declares him to have been a Roman by birth and to have ruled the Church in the reign of Trajan (98-117). It likewise attributes to him, but scarcely with accuracy, the insertion in the canon of the Qui Pridie, or words commemorative of the institution of the Eucharist, such being certainly primitive and original in the Mass. He is also said to have introduced the use of blessing water mixed with salt for the purification of Christian homes from evil influences (constituit aquam sparsionis cum sale benedici in habitaculis hominum). Duchesne (Lib. Pont., I, 127) calls attention to the persistence of this early Roman custom by way of a blessing in the Gelasian Sacramentary that recalls very forcibly the actual Asperges prayer at the beginning of Mass.

In 1855, a semi-subterranean cemetery of the holy martyrs Sts. Alexander, Eventulus, and Theodulus was discovered near Rome, at the spot where the above mentioned tradition declares the Pope to have been martyred. According to some archaeologists, this Alexander is identical with the Pope, and this ancient and important tomb marks the actual site of the Pope's martyrdom.

Duchesne, however (op. cit., I, xci-ii) denies the identity of the martyr and the pope, while admitting that the confusion of both personages is of ancient date, probably anterior to the beginning of the sixth century when the Liber Pontificalis was first compiled [Dufourcq, Gesta Martyrum Romains (Paris, 1900), 210-211].

The difficulties raised in recent times by Richard Lipsius (Chronologie der römischen Bischofe, Kiel, 1869) and Adolph Harnack (Die Zeit des Ignatius u. die Chronologie der antiochenischen Bischofe, 1878) concerning the earliest successors of St. Peter are ably discussed and answered by F. S. (Cardinal Francesco Segna) in his "De successione priorum Romanorum Pontificum " (Rome 1897); with moderation and learning by Bishop Lightfoot, in his "Apostolic Fathers: St. Clement" (London, 1890) I, 201-345- especially by Duchesne in the introduction to his edition of the "Liber Pontificalis" (Paris, 1886) I, i-xlviii and lxviii-lxxiii. The letters ascribed to Alexander I by PseudoIsidore may be seen in P. G., V, 1057 sq., and in Hinschius, "Decretales Pseudo-Isidorianae" (Leipzig, 1863) 94-105.

His remains are said to have been transferred to Freising in Bavaria in 834 (Dummler, Poetae Latini Aevi Carolini, Berlin, 1884, II, 120). His so-called " Acts " are not genuine, and were compiled at a much later date (Tillemont, Mem. II, 590 sqq; Dufourcq, op. cit., 210-211).

https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/CatholicEncyclopedia/Alexander_I_.html