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  • Über die Lage der ehemaligen Stadt Ruspe sind die Meinungen noch geteilt. Nach Lapeyre (a. a. O. 148) ist es wohl mit dem heutigen Henchir Sbia in der Nähe von Ras-Kaboudia, südlich von Monastir, identisch, wo Belisar im Jahre 533 seine Truppen landete. Die Ausgrabungen in der Umgebung von Ras-Kaboudia, durch welche reiche archäologische Funde ans Tageslicht gefördert wurden, bestätigen die Angaben der Vita, nach denen in römischer Zeit in dieser fruchtbaren Gegend eine zahlreiche Bevölkerung ansässig war.
  • Thrasamunds Neffe Gelimer benutzte die dadurch hervorgerufene Unzufriedenheit, um sich der Stadt Karthago zu bemächtigen und Hilderich mit seinen Neffen Oamer und Oageis ins Gefängnis zu werfen. Nun sandte der oströmische Kaiser Justinian unter dem Vorwand, Hilderich zu unterstützen, seinen Feldherrn Belisar nach Afrika, Dieser landete im September 533 bei Ras-Kaboudia in nächster Nähe der Stadt Ruspe. Am 15. September nahm Belisar die Hauptstadt Karthago ein.

Allgemein

Ruspe (en latín, Ruspae) es un lugar de Tunicia, en la Gobernación de Sfax (gobernación)|Sfax. Antigua sede episcopal cristiana de la Bizacena de la que fue obispo Fulgencio de Ruspe|San Fulgencio de Ruspe.

Es mencionada por Claudio Ptolomeo|Ptolomeo (IV, 3), y en la Tabula Peutingeriana se sitúa en la misma costa, entre Acholla y el municipio de Usilla. Aunque se ha tratado de localizarla en varios yacimientos arqueológicos de la zona norte de la costa del Golfo de Gabés, se identifica mejor con las ruinas existentes en el lugar de Koudiat Rosfa —que parece derivar del topónimo Ruspae—, muy cerca de la localidad y cabo de La Louza (Ras Laouza) [1].

Se conocen los nombres de cuatro de sus obispos [2]: Esteban, enviado al exilio por el rey vándalo Hunerico (484); Fulgencio de Ruspe, que fue consagrado en el año 508 y que murió en 533; Feliciano, su compañero en el exilio y su sucesor, y que intervino en el concilio de Cartago (c. 534); y Juliano, que en el año 641 fue uno de los obispos de la Bizacena firmantes de la carta contra el Monotelismo dirigida al emperador Constantino III Heraclio.

Diócesis titular

Como otras muchas antiguas sedes episcopales que ya no tienen obispos residenciales, Ruspe (Ruspae) es una diócesis titular de la Iglesia católica.

Listado de los obispos titulares [3]:

  • Manuel Obellar. Dominicos|OP, 1778-1789, Vicariato Apostólico|Vicario Apostólico de Tonkín oriental. Vietnam.
  • Edward Bede Slater. Orden de San Benito|OSB, 1818-1831, Vicario Apostólico del Cabo de Buena Esperanza. Sudáfrica.
  • Romualdo Jimeno Ballesteros. OP, 1839-1845, Coadjutor del Vicario Apostólico de Tonkín. Vietnam.
  • Spiridion-Salvatore-Costantino Buhadgiar, 1884, Vicario Apostólico de Túnez. Tunicia.
  • Spiridion Poloméni, 1892-1930, Obispo auxiliar de Cartago. Tunicia.
  • Joseph Louis Aldée Desmarais, 1931-1939, Obispo auxiliar de Diócesis de San Jacinto|San Jacinto, Québec. Canadá
  • Thomas Tien Ken-sin, 1939-1942, Vicario Apostólico de Yanggu. China.
  • Joseph Carroll McCormick, 1947-1960, Obispo auxiliar de Filadelfia, Pensilvania. EUA.
  • David Monas Maloney, 1960-1967, Obispo auxiliar de Denver, Colorado. EUA.
  • Horacio Arturo Gómez Dávila, 1968-1974, Obispo dimisionario de Provincia de La Rioja (Argentina)|La Rioja. Argentina.
  • Enzo Ceccarelli Catraro, Salesianos|SDB, 1974-1998, Vicario Apostólico de Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela.
  • Vlado Košic, 1998-, Obispo auxiliar de Zagreb. Croacia.

Enlaces externos

Ruspe or Ruspae was a town in the Roman province of Byzacena famous particularly as the episcopal see of Saint Fulgentius of Ruspe and is now a Latin Catholic titular bishopric.

Name

The name "Ruspe" is treated as a Greek feminine singular word equivalent to Latin "Ruspa" by Henricus de Noris,<ref name=PL/> and is the form used in a list of dioceses that the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria saw as dependent on itself at the beginning of the 8th century.<ref name=Mesnage/>

The name is taken to be really "Ruspae" (Latin feminine plural) by Alexander MacBean;<ref>Alexander MacBean, Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of Ancient Geography (G. Robinson, 1773)</ref> William Smith;<ref name=Smith>William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854)</ref> Morcelli;<ref name=Morcelli/> Mesnage;<ref name=Mesnage/> and the Annuario Pontificio.<ref name=AP/>

Location and name

The Tabula Peutingeriana gives as coastal towns in the Byzacena province Ruspina and Ruspe, the latter being to the south of the former.<ref>Image of section of the Tabula Peutingeriana with Ruspe</ref> Ptolemy's Geography (Ptolemy)|Geography mentions the same two towns in the same order<ref name=PL>Henricus de Noris in Migne's Supplement to the Works of Augustine, Patrologia Latina, vol. 47, col. 297B</ref> (Stevenson's admittedly defective English translation of Ptolemy gives instead Ruspina and Rheuspena).<ref>Book IV, Chapter 3</ref>

According to the Tabula Peutingeriana, Ruspe was situated between Acholla and Usilla, near the promontory that Ptolemy called Brachodes, the Caput Vadorum of the Romans, later Capaudia, Qaboudia in Arabic language|Arabic<ref name=Smith/><ref name=Treccani/><ref>Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 5 (Baudry's European Library, 1840), chapter 41, footnote 15</ref> (cf. Chebba).

The name "Ruspe" is interpreted as including the Semitic languages|Semitic element rus, meaning "head" or "headland".<ref name=Mesnage/> It is thus commonly<ref name=Mesnage/><ref name=Treccani/> identified with the ruins known as Henchir Sbia (or simply Sbia) in present-day Tunisia, four miles west of that cape.<ref name=CE>Sophrone Pétridès, "Ruspe" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 1912)</ref> An alternative site is that of the ruins known as Ksour Siad.<ref name=CE/>

In the mid-20th century, a new argument emerged in favour of Koudiat Rosfa, 30 kilometres north of Sfax,<ref>The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (1976)</ref> because of the discovery in 1947 of an inscription at Henchir Bou Tria<ref>Henchir Bou Tria: Tunisia</ref> that seems to identify that place with ancient Acholla.<ref name=Treccani/> (Saumagne had earlier proposed to identify it with Ruspe.)<ref name=Treccani/> A nearby headland is called Rass Bou Tria.<ref>Rass Bou Tria</ref> This identification of Acholla gives grounds for considering Ptolemy mistaken in placing Acholla and Usilla north of Cape Brachodes, and for identifying Ruspe as Koudiat Rosfa, which is seen as having preserved the ancient name in an Arabic language|Arabic form.<ref name=CE/> Excavations at Koudiat Rosfa have not confirmed the perhaps flattering description applied to the city by Fulgentius's biographer Ferrandus: nobile oppidum clarissimis habitatoribus prorsus illustre (a noble town illustrious for its famous inhabitants).<ref name=Treccani>G. Ch. Picard, "Ruspe" in Enciclopedia dell'Arte Antica (Treccani 1965)</ref>

Ecclesiastical History

The city was important enough in the Roman province of Byzacena to become a suffragan of its Metropolitan of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hadrumetum|Archdiocese of Hadrumetum, but was to fade.

Bishops of Ruspe earlier than saint Fulgentius whose names are known are Secundus, who was at the Conference of Carthage in 411 that brought together Catholic and Donatism|Donatist bishops – Morcelli assigns him instead to an otherwise unknown diocese of Ruspina – and Stephanus, one of the Catholic bishops whom the Arianism|Arian Vandals|Vandal king Huneric summoned to Carthage (episcopal see)|Carthage in 484 and then exiled. The immediate successor of Fulgentius was Felicianus, his companion in exile, who participated in a council held at Carthage in 534. In 646, Iulianus was at an anti-Monothelitism council in the same city.<ref name=Mesnage>J. Mesnage, L'Afrique chrétienne, Paris 1912, pp. 140–141</ref><ref name=Morcelli>Stefano Antonio Morcelli, Africa christiana, Volume I, Brescia 1816, pp. 265–266</ref>

Titular see

No longer a residential bishopric, Ruspae (the spelling used in the Annuario Pontificio) is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.<ref name=AP>Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 961</ref>

It is vacant, having had the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank :

  • Vincenzo de Via (1757.12.19 – 1762.01.31)
  • Manuel Obellar, Dominican Order (O.P.) (1778.01.29 – 1789.09.07)
  • Grgo Ilijić, Friars Minor (O.F.M.) (1796.09.30 – 1799.06.01)
  • Edward Bede Slater, Benedictine Order O.S.B. (1818.06.18 – 1832.07.15)
  • Romualdo Jimeno Ballesteros, O.P. (1839.08.02 – 1846.01.19)
  • Spiridion-Salvatore-Costantino Buhadgiar, Capuchin Friars (O.F.M. Cap.) (1884.08.08 – 1891.08.10)
  • Spiridion Poloméni (1892.02.27 – 1930.09.12)
  • Joseph-Louis-Aldée Desmarais (1931.01.30 – 1939.06.22)
  • Thomas Tien-ken-sin (田耕莘), Divine Word Missionaries (S.V.D.) (1939.07.11 – 1946.02.18), as Apostolic Vicar of Apostolic Vicariate of Yanggu|Yanggu 陽穀 (China) (1939.07.11 – 1942.11.10) and then Apostolic Vicar of Apostolic Vicariate of Qingdao|Qingdao 青島 (China) (1942.11.10 – 1946.04.11); previously Apostolic Prefect of Apostolic Prefecture of Yanggu|Yanggu 陽穀 (China) (1934.02.23 – 1939.07.11); later Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Via (1946.02.22 – 1967.07.24), Metropolitan Archbishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Beijing|Beijing 北京 (PR China) (1946.04.11 – 1967.07.24), Apostolic Administrator of Taipei 臺北 (Taiwan) (1959.12.16 – 1966.02.15)
  • Joseph Carroll McCormick (1947.01.11 – 1960.06.25)
  • David Monas Maloney (1960.11.05 – 1967.12.02)
  • Horacio Arturo Gómez Dávila (1968.07.03 – 1974.09.15)
  • Enzo Ceccarelli Catraro, Salesians (S.D.B.) (1974.10.05 – 1998.11.15)
  • Vlado Košić (1998.12.29 – 2009.12.05)
  • Rafael Biernaski (2010.02.10 – 2015.06.24)

Einzelnachweise

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Sources and external links